It is distinguished from other creole languages since most speakers are not true native speakers although many children learn it at an early age. Jolan journal of the linguistic association of nigeria supplement 2. It is what a government does either officially through legislation, court decisions, or policy to determine how languages are. The civil war made teaching in any language unproductive, and many schools were destroyed. This paper argues for a multilingual language policy that takes into account the different tiers of languages in nigeria, particularly, languages with lesser number of speakers than the major languages. The new national policy on education in nigeria published in 1977 and revised in 1981 gave a. Strategic policy options for bracing nigeria for the future. Download citation language policy and planning in nig eria this monograph describes the language planning situation in nigeria, one of the most multilingual countries in africa. Policy implementation and its challenges in nigeria. Kaplan and joseph lo bianco argue that language policy is a branch of applied linguistics as a field, language policy used to be known as language planning and is related. Earlier debates on the language policy in nigeria had centred on the conflicting importance of indigenous and exogenous languages in nigeria bamgbose2005 and aito 2005. When asking the question which country has the worlds best language policy a variety of answers are often given.
Pdf the first nigerian education policy was drawn up in the year 1977 and ever since. Some language policies are made bygrassroot organizations. Language policies in african states updated, january 2012. Thus this paper aims at highlighting the provisions of the policy and xraying some of the problems associated with its implementation and suggestions for positive results. Language and education in nigeria teachingenglish british. The first section presents the language profile of nigeria and provides a background of the general language situation in the country. Inr391, nigeria s foreign policy i is a one semester course in the third year of b. The public administration, administrative law key features, administrative authority and the entailment to the legal principle, special nature and typology of administrative action, sources of administr.
Download noun ecourseware course materials in pdf for. Fishman and ofelia garcia consider it as part of sociolinguistics. It focuses particularly on language in education and. Language policy and planning for education in cameroon.
It is a two unit credit course designed to give you knowledge on vital issues relating to the foreign policy of nigeria. The first was enacted in 1988 and the second was done in 2004. The importance of language planning in nigeria cannot be underestimated especially as it affects arabic language as well as other minority languages. Until 1984, the structure of nigeria education system was 6 years. Nigerias multilingual setting and critical evaluation of the. Implementation in language policy consists of the measures, plans, strategies. Implementing the national language policy in nigerian. Thus, this makes the language policy a bottomtotop movement. Language policy and planning in nigeria researchgate. This research outlines how language of instruction policy and practice impact on student learning. On the other hand, other scholars such as bernard spolsky, robert b. Zarruk, rabiu a discussion of nigeria s national language policy looks at the official structure for language instruction, its rationale, and perceived problems and possibilities. The policy provides financial risk protection to all nigerians particularly the poor and vulnerable population. List of languages in nigeria and their states current.
Multiplicity of languages in nigeria there is no gainsaying the fact that nigeria and other colonized nations have multiplicity of languages because many small nations were merged indiscriminately to form the nations and countries we have in africa and elsewhere today. It shows how english occupied an influential role in the formation of the. The third category of languages in nigeria is the nigerian pidgin. This research work argues from a different perspective of contentious language policy such that gives functional roles to both exogenous and indigenous languages. A discussion of nigeria s national language policy looks at the official structure for language instruction, its rationale, and perceived problems and possibilities. Language policy for education and development in tanzania. Nigeria show that language policy situation in most african countries. Language teaching and language policy in nigeria by david. Language policy is an interdisciplinary academic field. Its territory consisted of the eastern region of nigeria. The english language and sustainable development in nigeria. October 2016 2 nigeria s multilingual setting and critical evaluation of the national language policy. The main aims and objectives of nigerias education policy arising from the 1977. The course begins with module one, which present you the background to.
Meanwhile, primordial and contemporary issues such as language conflicts, ethnicity and. Comparison of the main concerns of language policy and. Apr 02, 2021 free pdf download strategic policy options for bracing nigeria for the future of trade. Definitions of language, the roles of language, policy and language policy. Such policies testify to the attention supposedly devoted to education, unity and independence. The nature of policy making in nig eria policy making and implementation has been classified the instrument of every political system. The policy requires that the mother tongue or language of the immediate community be the medium of instruction at preprimary and early primary levels, with english emerging as medium of instruction halfway through primary education. Jul 15, 2017 nigerian pidgin is an englishbased pidgin and creole language spoken as a lingua franca across nigeria. In nigeria, language policy on education dates back to the colonial era when in 1927 the british advisory committee on native education in tropical africa recommended that indigenous languages should serve as medium of instruction in the lower years of primary education musa r. Macro language policy and planning and lack of proficiency. Open access national language policy and the search for. Language policy, russia, nigeria, multilingualism, language in education.
National open university of nigeria course materials textbooks lagos yoruba language law national policy on education npe stipulates that can i still continue with this cgp or do i give up on. Ng is an academic website built in nigeria that is registered with the corporate affairs commission cac. This short lesson is available in pdf why study english. This article is brought to you for free and open access by fhsu. The authors are indigenous and have been participants in the.
Having firmly and solemnly resolve, to live in unity and harmony as one indivisible and indissoluble sovereign nation under god, dedicated to the promotion of interafrican solidarity, world peace, international cooperation and understanding. This policy is the third in the history of nigeria. Omodiagbe 1992, comments that pidgin is an offshoot of the pure english of the early missionaries and colonial administrators. Jolan journal of the linguistic association of nigeria supplem. What are some of the contradictions and ambiguities in this language policy. An overview of the languageineducation policy in ghana. Degree of implementation of the language provisions in. In this paper, we examine the effectiveness in terms of aims, implementation and plan of action regarding nigerian policy of universal basic education. In recent years there has been renewed interest in the study of languages in nigeria. The present electronic is a fully revised and amended edition of an index of nigerian languages by david crozier and roger blench 1992, which replaced keir hansford, john bendorsamuel and ron stanford 1976, a pioneering attempt to synthesize what was known at the time about the languages of nigeria and their classification.
It emphasizes primary healthcare as the bedrock of the national health system. After biafras declaration of independence, nigeria declared war on the nascent state, defeating them in the nigerian civil war and reuniting the two states. Free project topics and materials pdf download 2021. Nigeria is highly multilingual and multiethnic, with over 500 indigenous languages spoken within her borders, says blench 5. There is no doubt that we have multiplicity of languages among different ethnic groups in nigeria with each group guarding its language jealously, yet there has not been a separate language policy, other than the bits and fragments in the national policy on education 1977 revised in 1981. The status of english in nigeria and the world nicom iplan.
Eric ej824107 language policy and planning in nigeria. The impact of globalization or civilization on education has taken different forms and shapes in different context. Indonesia has an extreme diversity of linguistic wealth, with 707 languages by one count, or 731 languages and more than 1100 dialects in another estimate. This publication is free to download in pdf format below.
Undergraduate project topics and postgraduate materials free. For instance, if education is a basic factor for development in any society, then language through which the education is passed to the people is as important as the education itself. The intention of this paper is to thoroughly discuss the universal basic education in nigeria, from its overview, how it was in the past to its expected outcome. Feb 05, 2015 the english language is the language of education in nigeria ndimele 2006. Literature in english, arabic, any nigerian language that has orthography and literature. Medium of instruction, implementation, indigenous ghanaian languages, compounded, schooling, pupils created date. At the root of the dilemmas of national integration in nigeria is the countrys search for a lingua franca. Feb 22, 2016 national policy on education 6th edition 20 posted on february 22, 2016 february 22, 2016 by adeolu olanipekun download the national policy on education 6th edition 20.
British council nigeria commissioned study of language in education policy and practice in nigeria. Language policy and educational development in africa. There have been several ideas and views about its origin whether it is indigenous or exogenous. Bn 2546302 with over 20,000 research material guides. Nigerian policy on education gave language learning a top priority in its curriculum. Languages, whether indigenous or foreign, are indispensable tools in the life of. Apart from the first three years of a childs life in the primary school that was mentioned in the national policy on education, the rest of the. Language policy, planning and management in nigeria pdf. The paper suggests that, the language policy can be used to foster a desirable and the real nigerianism philosophy of our forefathers. Nigerian educational policy pdf it is the view of the formulated education policy in nigeria to use education as a. Language and nigerian national development objectives unit 4. National policy on education 6th edition 20 educatetolead. Prognosis of the future of nigerian languages ahmad muhammad mahmoud department of curriculum and instructions. The core section of the monograph investigates language policy and planning, with an emphasis on the mother tongue medium or first language policy and the multilingual policy.
Biafra, officially the republic of biafra, was a secessionist state in west africa that existed from may 1967 to january 1970 during the nigerian civil war. Implementing the national language policy in nigerian schools. Language policy is the plan of course of action of a dynamic programme in directing language affairs as needed by government. Introduction as a starting off point, it is pertinent to state that many countries function in more than one language.
A policy is a principle or protocol that guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. In the context of nigeria, it has resulted in a complete overhaul of the education system and especially on the language in education policy. National policy on education 1977, revised in 1981, and the 1979 constitution. Nigeria 8 8 8 8 rwanda 7 7 7 7 sao tome e princi pe 0 0 0 0 senegal 0 0 4 4 seychelles 0 7 7 7 sierra leone 4 6 4 4 somalia 1 7 5 5 south africa 10 8 6 6 sudan 1 2 4 4 swaziland 0 7 5 5 tanzania 5 9 9 9 togo 0. However, johnson 20 argues that not all language policies are enacted by the government. I go on to explore the failings of educational language policy as it now stands, focusing on the jarring transition from swahilimedium primary school to englishmedium secondary school. Current education law of 2001 art 9 continues to pr escribe portuguese as the sole language of education in schools, though adults can receive education in national languages leclerc.
This volume covers the language situation in botswana, malawi, mozambique and south africa explaining the linguistic diversity, the historical and political contexts and the current language situation, including language ineducation planning, the role of the media, the role of religion, and the roles of nonindigenous languages. This monograph describes the language planning situation in nigeria, one of the most multilingual countries in africa. Nigerias multilingual setting and critical evaluation of. Language policy in superdiverse indonesia 1st edition subhan. Although nigeria does not appear to have any definite, distinctive or comprehensive national language policy, the. This definition makes language policy a toptobottom movement on how languages should be used within amultilingual society. The roles of language policy in society language policy play active roles in domains like home, school, religion, work place and supranational groupings, i. Dec 22, 2008 the core section of the monograph investigates language policy and planning, with an emphasis on the mother tongue medium or first language policy and the multilingual policy. The policy on language education in nigeria dates back to the colonial era when the phelps stocks commission of 1922. The fourth discusses language maintenance and language shift in nigeria with respect to the indigenous languages and english, the exoglossic language.
Singapore, south africa, luxembourg, namibia, india, switzerland, uganda, morocco, usa, philippines, scandinavian countries, nigeria, malaysia, mexico, aruba, surinameand so on. There is no doubt that we have multiplicity of languages among different ethnic groups in nigeria with each group guarding its language jealously, yet there has not been a separate language policy, rather the bits and fragments in the national policy on education 1977 revised in 1981. Undergraduate project topics and postgraduate materials. An overview of the language ineducation policy in ghana. Nairaland forum nairaland general education download national policy on education 6th edition 20 33391 views free download. Our primary objective is to assist and guide final year students with well researched and quality project topics, project works, research guides, and project materials, at a very reduced and affordable price. Nigerian national affairs are extraordinarily slim, and if the english language survives, it could mean.
Download national policy on education 6th edition 20. Introductionit is creativity and beauty based upon ethnic and linguistic diversity that makes man human. English language and the mothertongue dilemma in nigeria. It is a country with one of the highest incidences of linguistic diversity although its languages have unequal status and over 35% of the population is illiterate despite the language and education policies in place. Nigeria is linguistically diverse with over 250 ethnic groups and over 500 languages.
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